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  • Winning the kid lottery: how adoption changed my life

    Our son Brandon, who is now 20 years old, came into our lives fifteen years ago. We met him about two months before he turned five. At the time, he was in foster care. His mother had problems with addiction and was not providing a stable home so he entered foster care about a month before he turned three. November is National Adoption Month and I thought it might be a good time to share our story.

  • What pregnant women need to know about the Zika virus

    If you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant, here are some things to keep in mind:

  • Healthy skin habits: Dr. Davis explains why it's important to teach kids at an early age

    With our recent cold snap finally over, summer and warmer temperatures are just around the corner. As we spend more time outdoors in short sleeves and shorts, we need to remember how important it is to protect our skin! Although everyone loves “a tan” for the summer, this is actually a sign of skin damage. Protecting our skin by using sunscreen and other forms of sun block is the first (and most important step) in keeping our skin healthy and preventing the most deadly form of skin cancer, melanoma. Did you know that most of our sun exposure and skin damage from the sun happens before the age of 18? Developing healthy skin habits as children and maintaining these habits through adulthood is essential to keeping our skin healthy over our lifetime!

    How does the sun damage our skin?

    The sun produces invisible ultraviolet (UV) rays as part of the light it radiates to earth. These are the rays that are damaging to our skin and eyes. There are three different kinds of UV rays:  UVA, UVB, and UVC rays. UVA rays are responsible for skin aging, wrinkling and causing melanoma. These rays make up the majority of our daily sun exposure. UVB rays are responsible for causing sunburns and cataracts of the eyes. They also contribute to melanoma as this form of skin cancer is most common in adults who had several severe sunburns as children. What is concerning about melanoma is that we are seeing it in an increasing number of young adults and even teenagers. Both UVA and UVB rays pass easily through the earth’s protective ozone layer. UVC rays on the other hand are thought to be the most dangerous types of UV rays but are blocked by the ozone layer and never reach the earth’s surface.

    What about melanin in our skin?

    Melanin is a chemical in the skin that absorbs UV rays and causes our skin to tan. Everyone has a different level of melanin in their skin. Fair-skinned people have less melanin while darker complexions have higher concentrations of melanin. A common misconception is that darker skinned people do not “burn” or get skin cancer. Regardless of the concentration of melanin in the skin, anyone can get a sunburn or develop melanoma. Any amount of tan is damage to the skin whether you are fair skinned or not.

    So how do we protect our skin from the sun?

    Kids can get a sunburn just from playing in the backyard on a sunny day- not just during a day at the beach!  First and most importantly, all children (and adults) 6 months and older should always wear an SPF 30 before going outside for any length of time. SPF stands for sun protection factor and the number indicates the amount of time you can spend in the sun before getting a sunburn. For example, if you start to burn in 10 minutes without sunscreen, applying SPF 30 will allow you to stay in the sun 30x longer before starting to burn (ie-300 minutes). Other ingredients such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide offer the greatest protection against the entire spectrum of UV rays. Sunscreen should be applied 15 minutes before going outside to allow for adequate absorption into the skin. For most kids, two ounces (a shot glass full) of lotion should be enough to cover the entire body. Spray-type sunscreen should still be rubbed in after applied to the skin to ensure there are no missed spots.  Don’t forget to apply to commonly neglected areas such as the scalp, lips, ears, back of neck, and tops of feet! Sunscreen should be reapplied every two hours while outside, especially if swimming or sweating.  Remember, there is no such thing as waterproof sunscreen! This means you may go through nearly an entire bottle of sunscreen during a full day at the beach. Children under 6 months of age have more delicate skin and underdeveloped levels of melanin. They should not have sunscreen applied to their skin at all. Keeping young babies out of the sun altogether is best. However, if this is not possible keep them completely covered up with clothing and under a covered stroller or tent while out in the sun.

  • The vaccine schedule is safe and effective

    Pediatricians often hear from parents that they are worried about giving too many vaccines at one time and “overloading the immune system” of their infant. As a result, parents ask to “spread the vaccines out more.” As pediatricians, we know that the vaccine schedule outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and recommended by nearly all pediatricians is safe and effective. We don’t understand how some rogue physicians and some well-meaning, but ignorant public figures can contradict good science and suggest that the vaccine schedule that we use is unsafe.

    All scientific evidence says that the vaccine schedule

    is indeed safe and very effective.

    Many people draw the conclusion that it must be dangerous to give vaccines all at once. But in fact, that could not be further from the truth. There are very specific reasons that we use each vaccine the way that we do, both when they are started, and how and when they are repeated. What I will give you in this post and in subsequent posts is hopefully a clear, understandable explanation of the design of the CDC’s recommended immunization schedule.

    The Hepatitis B Vaccine

    The hepatitis B vaccine is the one immunization that we routinely give as soon as a baby is born. This is for two reasons. First, it works that early. Newborns’ immune systems are already up and running and are able to respond to the hepatitis B vaccine and make antibodies right away. This is a very fortunate thing, as many of our vaccines don’t work in a newborn body. What we know about hepatitis B is that almost all cases in children are caused by spread from an infected mom during birth. Many moms who are carriers of hepatitis B are missed during pregnancy or in the hospital, either due to lack of prenatal care, lab error, or lack of communication. The amazing thing is that the one dose of hepatitis B vaccine, if given right after birth, is essentially perfect in preventing infection of the newborn. The birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine saves lives every day. The other nice thing about that vaccine is that there are essentially no relevant side effects, not even fever or discomfort.

    The Two-Month Wellness Visit

    We start our next routine vaccines at the two-month wellness visit. When we immunize we want to be sure that enough of mom’s antibodies are out of the newborn’s system and that the newborn’s immune system has matured enough to respond to our vaccines. We know that in the first month or more, some of the vaccines don’t work well yet. However, by six to eight weeks they work very well; this is why the DTaP, Polio, HIB, rotavirus, and pneumococcal vaccine series start when they do.

    This is NOT because the immunizations would

    “overwhelm” the immune system if given earlier.

    They just would not be effective.

    Of note, the most common and relevant side effects of the vaccines given to infants are a little bit of diarrhea or throw-up from the rotavirus vaccine, and maybe a little fever, fussiness, or local reaction in the thigh muscle for the others.

    The MMR Vaccine Controversy

    The MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine is one that has received a lot of attention since it was wrongly accused of causing autism.

    In fact, vaccines have clearly and repeatedly been shown

    not to cause autism or other developmental disabilities.

    And yet, many parents still believe that we wait to give the MMR until a year of age because it might be harmful if given earlier. They then wonder if waiting even longer might be even better. The problem is that the younger you are when you get the measles, the sicker you get and the more likely you are to die. Our goal with the MMR is to protect small children as young as we possibly can, and to reduce the spread of disease in our communities.

  • 8 reasons to make a green smoothie for your kids

    As a Registered Dietitian for Teen Xpress, I work with many teenagers who are hesitant to try new foods. My goal is to introduce them to delicious but also nutritious foods to help improve eating habits. I teach a nutrition class, called Healthy Me, to select middle schools around Orange County. This class is a great opportunity for me to introduce teenagers to different types and combinations of foods. During one of my classes, I set up a smoothie bar for the students. In addition to the students’ individual smoothies, I decided to make a “different” one for them to try. They had a difficult time guessing what made the smoothie green. After a few minutes of guessing, I finally broke the news to them; they just drank spinach! Many of them were surprised that they enjoyed the smoothie even though they dislike spinach. One student looked up at me and said, “I really like this Ms. Holly. I am going to put spinach in my smoothie from now on!”. It is amazing how sampling different foods can impact future eating habits.

  • The Most Common Causes of Kids' Burns at Home and How to Avoid Them

    Many parents and caregivers are aware of the safety basics in preventing children’s accidents such as burns. These include keeping young children out of the kitchen when cooking, placing pots and pans on back burners with handles turned inward and keeping hot beverage mugs out of the reach of toddlers. But some of the most serious and most common dangers lurk in not-so-obvious situations. This is especially concerning when you realize that every day, over 300 children receive emergency care for burns and that over 75 percent of these events could be prevented, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 

  • Too fresh for our own good (health)?

    There’s nothing better than a cool glass of fresh milk after a long day. But how fresh is too fresh?

  • Inspired to give back after becoming a childhood cancer survivor: Whitney’s story

    After meeting Whitney, you would never realize the hardships she endured by spending most of her childhood in the hospital, battling several childhood illnesses. Instead, you would see a sweet, quietly confident 16-year-old girl who is passionate about art and medicine, as well as fundraising, pursuing excellence in everything that she does. While most girls her age are interested in the latest fashion trends, boys, and the usual high school drama, Whitney is different. Although she thinks about these things, she is on a greater mission. A mission to educate people on childhood cancer and to one day, find a cure for this ugly disease.

    The diagnosis that changed everything

    At eight years old, Whitney was diagnosed with a T-cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), or a T-cell Lymphoma, a rare and aggressive form of blood cancer. In fact, it is so rare, that only one to two percent of the population in the United States is affected by this type of cancer today. Having been previously treated at a local hospital in Gainesville for a liver transplant that she underwent at the age of three, she began treatment for cancer there, so that her previous team of physicians could care her for. However, after three months of treatment, Whitney was not responding well, and her parents asked if she could be transferred to Arnold Palmer Hospital for treatment so that she could be closer to home. Once Whitney transferred, they started to see significant signs of improvement and she was finally responding to treatment. Over the course of her treatment, Whitney was a trooper and did extremely well. However, with the intensity of treatment that childhood cancer requires, there are good days and bad days. And some days, they feel so dark you wonder if there is a light at the end of the tunnel, according to her mom. Despite all of the trials and hardships that came her way, Whitney persevered through it all, and in April 2006 she was told she was “cancer-free!”

  • Over-the-counter cough and cold medicine: what you don’t know CAN hurt you

    Did you ever play tag when you were a kid? I remember running around the playground in a desperate panic to avoid whomever was “it." I would run like my life was in jeopardy and strategize about how best to avoid the awful fate of being tagged.

  • Over-the-counter cough and cold medicine: what you don't know CAN hurt you

    Did you ever play tag when you were a kid? I remember running around the playground in a desperate panic to avoid whomever was “it”. I would run like my life was in jeopardy and strategize about how best to avoid the awful fate of being tagged.